Salaaaaaaaaaaaam
This topic was very useful and
interesting for me. It focuses more in the fourth step of big6 which is use of
information. This topic taught me how to avoid plagiarism by using citation and
document the sources. Further, our lecturer explained to us how to do citation in
both in the text references and end the text references. Therefore, I learnt
that learn how to do citation is very important. In fact, our lecturer told us
that there are several styles to do citation. Nonetheless, in this course we
only studied the APA style which refers to American Psychological Association. This
style has some rules needed to apply so it also has guidance for publication. In
addition to that, APA style has some editions from first until the last version
of it. Actually, our lecturer explained the 6th edition of APA which
the last edition.
After we learnt the basic idea of
this topic, our lecturer started to teach us the basic rules of APA style. Therefore,
we learn first the rules of the author. The first rule of the author is when we
have a name with surname we write the surname first and then we write the initial
of the other names (first and middle names). For example: (Isaac Robinson)
so to
make citation we write (Robinson, I.). Moreover, for Muslim names that do not
have surname and Malaysian names, we write the whole name. Further, if we have
more than one name, we write the first name as the previous rules and then we
write & the second name. For example: (Isaac Robison and Mohammed Ali).
This can be written as (Robinson, I., & Mohammed Ali). Further, when we
have more than six authors we use (
et al). In addition to that, we
learned that some name started with the surname such as Chinese name
.
Then, we learnt about the
rules of title. In fact, the first litter of the title and the first litter
of the subtitle after the colon or pronouns should only capitalize and the
whole. For example, (Information Skills) will be Information skills. Another example
is (Children welfare in Malaysia) will be Children welfare in Malaysia. The second rule is underline or italic the
title of books, title of Journal, title of Magazines, and title of newspaper. After
that, I learnt that references should be put in alphabetical orders without
using any number list and we should indent the subsequent line about one-half
inch. I also learnt who to use the punctuation and their usage. You can see
this example on how the references are arranged alphabetically and indent the
subsequent lines (5 spaces).
Adams, C. M. (2006). The consequences of
witnessing family violence on children and implications for family counselors. The
Family Journal, 14, 334-341.
Day, C., Hibbert, P., & Cadman, S. (2008). A
literature review into children abused and/or neglected prior custody.
Youth Justice Board, 1-69.
Escobar-Chaves, S. L., & Anderson, C. A.
(2008). Media and risky behaviours. Children and Electronic Media, 18,
147-180.
Actually, I learnt that each
source has its own rules to write its references. First, I learnt how to write
the references of books. Therefore, I learnt that information needed to
reference the book is Author’s
name, the book title,
year of publication,
and the Publisher’s location
and name. it can be written as this rule.
Author.
(YEAR). TITLE. Place of Publication: Publisher.
If we have one or two to three authors, we have
to list all authors and use (&) between the second and the third authors. Nonetheless,
if we have more than six authors the format will be
First author until sixth author, et al. (Year). Title.
Place of publication: Publisher.
Moreover, if we have more than
one edition so the format will be
Author. (Year). Title of book (Edition.). Place of
Publication: Publisher.
Sometimes, we will not find
authors but instead we will find organization or cooperate bodies as authors. Other
times, we may found editors and no authors so the format will be
Editor. (Ed./Eds.). (Year). Title. Place of publication
: Publisher.
In addition to that, if we have
author and editor at the same time, the format will be
Author, A.
(Date). Title of book. Editor name (Ed.). Place of Publication:
Publisher.
Moreover, if the book does not have author so
the format will be
Title . (Year). Place of Publication : Publisher.
Furthermore, when we have a
section or chapter in a book the format will be
Author, A. (Date).
Title of chapter. In Editor name (Ed.), Title
of book (page
number.). Place of Publication: Publisher.
After that, our lecturer gave us some exercises
to observe our understanding and correct us.
Second, we learnt how to write reference list
about electronic documents or articles. The information needed to write the
format is Author’s name Date of publication, Title of web page, Retrieve date, and Internet Address (URL) or DOI. Therefore, the
format of an article with no DOI is
Author. (Year). Title of the article. Retrieved from URL address
Moreover, if we have DOI so the
format will be
Author.
(Date of publication). Title of article. doi:0000000/000000000000 or http://
dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000
Furthermore, if we have online lecturer note or
presentation slides, the format will be
Author. (Year). Title of the article.[Format]. Retrieved from URL address
Then, the lecturer gave us some
exercises and corrected our mistakes in the class by giving us the ideal
answers.
Third, we learnt how to write references
list about periodical articles. Periodical articles are Newspapers, Magazines,
and journals. The information needed to write references list about articles in
newspapers or Magazines is Author’s
name date of publication, title of article, name
of the periodical, and page
Number. Therefore the format for Magazine article will be
Author, A. (Year,
Month Day). Title of Article. Title of Magazine, volume, page
number(s).
Moreover, the format for Newspaper article will
be
Writer of the article. (Year, month day). Title of
article. Title of newspaper, page.
On the other hand, the format for the journals
is
Writer of the article. (Year). Title of article. Title
of Journal, volume (issue/no.),
page.
In addition to that, the format
of online journals without DOI is
Author of article. (Year). Title of the article. Name
of the Journal, Volume (issue /
no), page number. Retrieved from web address
Nonetheless, the format for
journal articles with DOI is
Author. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the
Journal, Volume (issue / no), page.
doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24
Fourth, we learnt how to write
references list for articles from references materials such as dictionaries and
encyclopedia. The format for dictionaries is
Editor.
(Ed.). (Year). Name of Dictionary (Edition, Volume, page
no). Place publication:
Publisher.
Further, the format for encyclopaedia is
Author
name. (Year). Name of Article. Editor name, Name of Encyclopedia
(Edition, Volume, Page Numbers). Place Publication:
Publisher.
If there is no author, so it will be
Editor name.
(Year). Name of Encyclopedia (Edition, Volume.). Place Publication:
Publisher.
At the end of this section, our lecturer gave
us lots of exercises and took us to the library to practise with real book.
In the second section, our lecturer explained
to us the second type of citation which is in-text citation. She repeated
saying that any citation appears in two places. The first place at the end
citation as the first section. The second place is called in-text citation. The
in-text citation gives the reader to follow and locate the information that the
author take the information from. For example,
Schlatter
(2000) explained that mistreated children who experienced physical abuse are
more anxious to their peers in school than non-maltreated children.
So, the reference will be
Schlatter, A.
K. (2000). Parental Aggression and Adolescent Peer Relationships.Virginia:
Department of Psychology, 1-72.
The use of in-text citation is to sammarise or parphrase or
direct qoute someone else work. The use of in-text citation is very important
since it can help to suuport your idea and it can highlight the other people
ponts of view. For direct qoutation, it is necessary to write the author name,
the date of publication, and page numper. However, if it is more than forty
words then Indent the quotation.
Moreover, paraphrsing and summarizing are more similar where
both need to discribe in same meaning but with different sentences. For paraphrasing
and summarising, we do not put the the page numbers or question mark in the
in-text citation. In the in-text citation, we only use the last name of the
author. In in-text citation we can use signal phrase to introduce other people
works. The common signal phrase are claim, argued, explined, suggest, stated,
declared…etc.
In-text citations are the parenthetical pieces of information
that appear usually at the end of a quote, paraphrase, or summary. However,
they sometimes appear before the citation.
In the in-text citation we only write the author surname and the year of
publication. However, if we have direct citation we must add the page numbers. In
addition to that, for every in-text citation, there must be end citation
(refernces).
For in-text citation by one author it can be as these
examples below
·
At the end of qoutation or parphrasing such as ( Al-Fakih,
2013, p.15)
·
In 2013, Al-Fakih reported that… (p.15)
·
Al-Fakih (2013) tells us that…(p.15)
·
According to Al-Fakih (2013), “…” (p.15)
For the in-text citation by multipe authors. If we have two
authors it should be as
·
According to Al-Fakih and Robinson (2013), “…” (p.15)
·
“…” ( Al-Fakih & Robinson, 2013, p. 15)
For in-text citation with three to five authors, Identify all authors in the signal
phrase or the parentheses the first time you cite the source. However,
if you use this citation again you should inclode only the surname for the
first name and then followed by et al. Furthermore, when we have six or more
authors only inclode the first surname and followed by et al from the first
time. In addition to that, when we have groups as authors, first citation we
have to mention the full name and then for the subsequent citations, we can use the abbrevited for the group or th
organization. Moreover, when we have work with no identified authors, we cite
the text with the first few words of the title. We also can use double quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter or a
web page and italicize the title of a periodical, a book, a brochure or a
report.
All in all, this topic is a very useful and
interesting topic. To know more about it we need to prctice lots of sources to
understand it more.
Thanks