Salaaaaaaam
This topic was very useful and knowledgeable. Our lecturer started
to explain the meaning of information resources that refer to any place or
thing (attribute) where user can get the information. Information resources can
be book, people, internet, or many more. The producers of information resources
are include students, teacher, researchers, government, organization, and many
more. The format of information can be printed such as books or non-printed
such as internet sources.
After that, our lecturer explained the types of information which
are three types. The first type of information is called primary sources.
Primary sources are the first hand sources and original sources. For example,
diaries, journals, autobiographies that means someone write about himself or
herself, historical documents, original documents such as birth certificate and
court documents, sound recording, interviews, video and photographs, letters,
and many other sources that written as first hand draft.
The second type of information is called secondary sources.
Secondary sources can be defined as something written about primary sources.
So, it can be called as second draft sources. It is interpretation of primary
sources. The examples of secondary sources are Almanac, encyclopedia, biography
that mean someone write about another person, history books, text books, and
other sources. To make us understand these sources, our lecturer asked us to
search in groups and find information and then presented it. My group topic was
about Almanac.
The third type of information is called tertiary sources. Tertiary
sources are distillation and collection of both primary and secondary sources.
The examples of tertiary sources are bibliographies of bibliography,
directories of directories, and guide to literature. In fact, most types of
references are tertiary sources.
Then the lecturer gave us small activity to see our understanding.
In that activity, the lecture asked about the articles in magazine and
newspapers are they primary or secondary sources. Therefore, some of us said
primary and other said secondary sources. Then, the lecturer explained that
articles can be primary or secondary sources. For example, if the article
written at the time something occurred so it became primary sources. However,
if someone wrote an article taken the information from another person so, it
became secondary sources.
In the second session of the topic, the lecturer explained about the
reference sources. Reference materials are materials that
provide quick, factual information on a topic. These materials designed to be consulted
rather than read through. Reference materials can be books, serials, on-line
database or the Internet. Then,
lecturer said that there are two types of reference materials which are general
and specific. Reference materials can be arranged alphabetical or in
classification order such as chronological or topical orders. They also provide
definition and general information. Then, she gave us the importance of
reference materials where they are often the best place to start your
research because they, provide a good introduction to a topic, provide brief,
factual information, define unfamiliar terms, and they identify additional
relevant sources.
After that, the lecturer explained to us some example of reference
materials. The first example of reference materials was encyclopedia.
Encyclopedias are books that contain concise, factual information on
topics or concepts. They usually arranged in alphabetical order. However,
encyclopaedia may be general Encyclopaedia Britannica or subject specific such
as Encyclopaedia of Library and Information Science.
The second example of reference materials was dictionaries. Dictionaries provide information about words such as definitions,
pronunciations, synonyms, usages, and slang. Moreover, dictionaries can be
divided into six categories. The first category of dictionaries is called
general dictionaries which provide definitions, pronunciations, syllabication,
and usage. The second category of dictionaries is called historical
dictionaries which provide the history of words. The third category of
dictionaries is called etymological dictionaries which emphasize
the linguistic and grammatical history of the word usage. The fourth category
of dictionaries is called Period or scholarly specialized dictionaries which
focus on a particular place or time period. The
fifth category of dictionaries is called subject dictionaries focus on word
definitions in a subject area, such as finance or law. The sixth category of
dictionaries is other dictionaries which include dictionaries of slang,
abbreviations, synonyms, acronyms,, idioms,
and phrases. In addition to that, there are different names for
dictionaries such as glossary, lexicon, thesaurus, and vocabulary. Glossary is an
alphabetical list and the definitions of terms. Lexicon is a dictionary of
words of a language, arranged alphabetically giving-meaning in another
language. A thesaurus is a dictionary of synonyms or words with same meaning. Vocabulary
used for a stock of words and phrases with brief explanations and meaning.
The third example of reference materials is biographical sources
which are directories of prominent persons, usually arranged alphabetically by
surnames, with biographical identification that range from brief outline to
extended narrative such as International who’s who.
The fourth example of reference materials is geographical sources
which provide information about places. In fact, there is several types of
geographical sources. The first type of geographical sources is called maps. A
map is a flat piece of paper that describes a place or part of
the world. The second type of geographical sources is globes which are three
dimensional model of earth. The fourth
type of geographical sources is Guidebooks that provide brief historical
information about a particular place with some detailed descriptions of hotels,
museums, restaurants famous sites and other information useful to travelers. The fifth type of geographical
sources is Atlases which contain collections of maps. They provide information
on geographical or political changes. However, there are three types of Atlases
which are national, world, and thematic Atlases. The sixth type of geographical
sources is called Gazetteers which referred as geographical dictionaries and
provide descriptions of places. Gazetteers list of place names. It has two
types which are general and regional gazetteers.
The fifth example
of reference materials is year book. The aim of this book is to record the
yearly development is a geographical area, in an organization, or in subject
discipline.
The sixth example
of reference materials is periodical publication. Periodical publication can be
journals, articles, or magazines which published regularly.
In the last
session of this topic we studied the format of information. The first format is audiovisual media. These
materials provide sight or sound to present information. These materials are
instructional materials such CD and DVD. These materials are organized in library
or information agency listed in catalogue or OPAC. They are put in separate
files in special rooms arranged according to subject and classification. The second format is microforms which
referred any document that has been reproduced in "micro" format. Microform helps libraries to save rare and old
materials. It also helps to save space since it store thousands of materials in
a few cabinets. Furthermore, there are two common types of microforms. The
first type is microfilm that is A strips of film on which printed materials are photographed at greatly
reduced size for ease of storage. The second type of microform is microfiche
that is a small sheet of microfilm containing multiple images arranged in
standardized columns and rows.
The third format
of information is bibliographical databases. The databases of bibliographical
records, an organized digital collection of references including journal and
newspaper articles, conference proceedings, reports, government and legal
publications, patents, books. They give information about materials within a
specified subject area. They also cover publications from a range of different
countries and years.
At the end of
this knowledgeable topic, our lecturer gave us some exercises to let us distinguish
the differences between several references that we learnt. Therefore, I hope
that you learnt with me.
Thanks
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